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比特币和经济虚无主义

Posted on 2022-10-10

英雄形象 inkopolis-日落图片由Waifu Diffusion v1.2 生成——动漫风格、雾面绘画、喷溅、巨剑、水枪、城市景观、天际线、日落、音乐会、吉卜力工作室、宁静、祥和

我选择了一个地狱般的时间来试验以太坊。总的来说,我一直在尝试自己弄清楚整个区块链场景是否真的值得我长期以来对它的蔑视和毒性。从技术的角度来看,这项技术确实很简洁,但作为一个很酷的书呆子玩具和对大众来说可行的产品是截然相反的。尤其是涉及到钱的时候。

我想首先说我在这里不是中立党。长期以来,我一直反对区块链到毒性的地步。我也受到了Mt. Gox 出口骗局的伤害。当那件事发生时,我正在上大学。我的父亲通过出售他在项目全新并且 CPU 挖矿可行(我认为他挖了 4 个区块或其他东西)时开采回来的比特币来支付我的大学学费。他使用 Mt. Gox 将比特币换成美元来支付学校费用。出口骗局发生在我上大学的时候。谢天谢地,这并没有发生在一个季度到期日之前,但我很确定这是我最终不得不辍学的很大一部分原因。那和未经治疗的多动症,但这是另一天的故事。

在过去,我对那些因过去的创伤重新出现而做区块链事情的人有毒。我已经不必要地切断了友谊。我不想再因为毒性而闻名。作为这个康复过程的一部分,我一直在尝试真正了解这项技术,以便弄清楚这项技术是否值得使用。我不想再依赖别人的理解了。如果我最终得出结论认为那里有什么东西,我愿意承认我错了。这是我神奇的区块链之旅的第二部分。您可以在此处阅读第一部分或在此处查看整个系列。

开放的天空是波浪
<开放的天空>你好!我是 Open,本博客的技术编辑。通常我在后台而不是文章本身。我正在与 Xe 合作撰写 Nix flakes 帖子,该帖子应该是我正式合着的第一个帖子,但我对这个主题有一些想法,所以我跳到这里。

今天我想调查一下以太坊是如何卖给我的,我在研究事物时对它们的看法,以及其他一些值得考虑的加密货币哲学观点。作为我对此的另一个偏见,我很想使用像以太坊这样的东西来支付委托艺术品的费用,而不必担心像 PayPal 这样的支付处理器会取消该艺术品的帐户是色情作品。理想情况下,我希望能够给艺术家现金,但是当我与他们的唯一联系是通过 Internet 时,这并不奏效。

如果还有其他用途那就太好了,但我书中最大的卖点是能够在没有支付处理器能够说“不”并禁止你的情况下向人们付款,因为你想要一些完全合法的东西清教徒蠕动(如情色)。

我希望我过去对这项技术的假设被证明是错误的。如果一切都像他们认为的那样发展,那就太好了。 Keywords could and if .

卡迪是咖啡

我被告知的承诺

卡迪是咖啡
< Cadey > 主观性警告:请记住,我说的是我个人被承诺作为加密货币空间资产的东西和/或我应该关心这个的原因。这是主观的。你的经历可以而且将会有所不同。

当 web3 人试图向我推销他们一直在研究的 web3 东西时,他们通常专注于这些高层次的东西:

  • 没有支付处理器或银行能够说“lol no”的点对点支付
  • 匿名付款,让我拥有与使用现金相同的隐私
  • 任意令牌的不可伪造的“所有权”,以便我可以证明我拥有诸如毛茸茸的 OC 或“使用封闭物种的权利”之类的东西
  • 分布式计算,这样我就可以运行额外的代码来验证涉及我在区块链上的存在、创建任意令牌(可替代和不可替代)等等
  • 能够通过资产的区块链异花授粉在另一个游戏中使用你的帽子或头像

老实说,这是一件大事,如果第一个是可行的,那就意味着我可以减少对在互联网上进行交易的恐惧。我可以用它来委托艺术,帮助朋友在遇到困难时支付租金,而不必担心有人一次性在所有文件上更改他们的名字,以便我们可以互相汇款。我可以把钱寄到他们的以太坊地址。他们可以直接向xeiaso.eth或0xeA223Ca8968Ca59e0Bc79Ba331c2F6f636A3fB82 。一切都会正常工作。

卡迪是咖啡
<卡迪> 由于这一切是如何设计的,任何人都可以将任何东西发送到任何人的加密货币钱包中。当心有人因为违背我的意愿塞进我钱包的东西而试图叫我出来。
Numa 被删除
< Numa > 除了支付租金,您需要一个中间人将您的互联网美元转换为支付租金的美元。
卡迪是咖啡
<凯迪> 是的。这就是加密货币黄金承诺的未来开始分崩离析的地方。这在某种程度上就像美元。您只能对接受美元付款的人使用美元。您只能将以太坊与接受以太坊作为付款的人一起使用。这里有一个巨大的网络效应,为了让任何加密货币成为一种可行的支付方式,你必须玩一场巨大的艰难游戏,试图建立你自己的网络效应。理想情况下,您希望使用以太坊比使用美元更容易。猜猜不是这样的。
开放的天空是波浪
< Open Skies > 对我来说,为互联网上的内容付费的整个过程是……粗略的。就像,支付某人的步骤很多,每个人都想给我发电子邮件或注册订阅以每月支付高级内容,我需要滚动页面找到支付链接,然后通过多个表格并找到我的信用卡以输入号码或登录贝宝或其他。我真的很想能够喜欢……嘿,你在你的博客上免费发布的这项研究非常棒,并且节省了我三个小时试图从其他来源将它放在一起的时间。点击一下,你得到一美元,非常感谢你,我会在路上。另一方面,我希望能够拥有类似的东西,在我自己的内容上设置起来很简单,而不是需要广告对等和帐户,并且在我可以使用这笔钱之前有最低支出,并且烦人所有观众……
凯迪是恩比
< Cadey > 令人惊讶的是,如果您要向其汇款的个人或企业拥有银行账户,很多问题实际上在加拿大得到了解决。您可以使用Interac通过电话号码或电子邮件地址向他人汇款。这就是我支付我的税务律师的方式,有一段时间它是我支付租金的方式。 This is only viable for bigger payments though, something like micropayments have never really taken off because of transaction fees, especially with cryptocurrencies.莱特币的交易费用非常低,但如果您的总付款是一美元,那么 4% 的交易费用听起来有点可笑。如果像Stellar这样的东西更可行,那就另当别论了。

在那之前,我们将只在你赚 100 美元时才支付 Twitch,或者我的广告提供商只在你赚 50 美元时支付。这是一场噩梦。

Numa 是凝视
<努马> 等等,等等。比特币论文的最初观点之一是,它将避免向更大的银行支付交易费用。当你支付加密货币支付的交易费用时,它会去哪里?矿工/质押者?这不会最终让你向更大的玩家支付交易费用吗?
卡迪是咖啡
<卡迪> 是的。请继续关注原因。

在实践中,这些承诺并不像听起来那么容易。你确实需要中间人。其中很多,尤其是如果您想用这笔钱支付房租或购买食物。您需要在众多“交易所”之一注册,这些交易所可能有也可能没有最佳安全实践,同时要求提供您的身份证件副本,以便他们遵守“了解您的客户”法律。这似乎很安全。

你可以通过以太坊向艺术家付款以委托艺术品,但主要问题是区块链上的交易在欺诈的情况下是不可逆的。似乎以太坊人的观点是,区块链技术和密码系统使欺诈在以太坊土地上绝对不可能。这是……一个尝试,但总的来说,我可以看到他们的目的。交易的可逆性通常是传统金融系统的副产品,中间人可以拨打“是的,此人异常”之类的电话,然后撤消交易(甚至限制肇事者的账户),这样受害者就更容易了他们可以减少网络上的欺诈数量。

开放的天空很舒服
< Open Skies > 这不仅仅是一个中间人打电话说这个人有问题,而是传统的金融体系有传统的法律体系,有能力追查欺诈或盗窃的人并强迫他们支付钱款之后回来(至少在理论上)。这种能力使支付处理器能够提供支付保护功能,而无需成为托管机构。这也意味着这种保护不需要中间人,因为个人可以起诉支付欺诈或盗窃。美国《权利法案》保证了在超过 20 美元的情况下,由陪审团审判的诉讼权利,任何人都可以提起诉讼;如果不退回有争议的付款,中间商只能威胁停止为所有客户提供付款,员工和预制表格使他们在必要时可以轻松提起此类诉讼,并且有足够的钱来吸收机会而无需困难。在以太坊中逆转交易并不是不可能的,但这要困难得多,以至于它发生的极少数情况是改变生态系统的事件。
玛拉是嗯
< Mara > 所以这个支付在设计上不可逆转的生态系统有时会让社区聚集在一起来逆转他们认为是欺诈的支付?似乎是合法的…
开放天空空闲
<打开天空> 是的!我们可以稍后再讨论那里的故事!这真有趣。无论如何,有一些东西可以在没有……事件的情况下处理以太坊上的欺诈行为,比如 Kleros,它提供了一种分散的匿名陪审团审判方法来处理争议。从理论上讲,它可以与一种托管系统相结合,在该系统中,双方都支付合同,在设定的时间后或根据争议的判断释放他们的付款/项目,但如果有人这样做,那肯定不是广泛到足以使大多数交易具有这种安全性。此外,它增加了交易的复杂性,这意味着需要更多的气体来执行它,这意味着交易成本更高。它的成本是否超过信用卡的开销,我们稍后将不得不研究,因为我们需要更多的概念才能通过数学来了解交易成本。

在以太坊领域,身份是通过能够使用私钥签署消息来确定的。该私钥的所有权为您提供了钱包的所有权,以及该钱包中的所有内容。整个系统基于人类可以跟踪私钥并确保其安全的假设。无需在 iCloud、Google Drive、Amazon S3 或任何其他在线存储系统之类的东西上备份它们。人们通常建议您将恢复短语(私钥)的备份副本放在保险箱内的纸上(用铅笔写,因为显然钢笔墨水会随着时间的推移而褪色)。这对于更富裕的人来说当然很容易,但对于普通人来说,每月额外支付 40 美元的费用,这可能是普通支票账户的账户费用的两倍多。

卡迪是咖啡
< Cadey > It would be fine if these processes encouraged the use of splitting and backing up keys in ways that align with best practices across the industry, but they don’t.他们建议将您数字王国的所有钥匙放入一个保险箱。有些设备允许您对加密货币私钥进行硬件托管,但它们仍然鼓励您在纸上备份密钥。他们还表现得好像保险箱是免费的。他们不是。它们是昂贵的。
开放天空空闲
< Open Skies > 好的,但是“整个行业的最佳实践”在很多地方都有些糟糕。

以太坊地址是匿名的。

开放天空空闲
< Open Skies > 更像是化名。
卡迪是咖啡
< Cadey > 好吧,当然,但以太坊地址是 160 位值,从根本上说不是人类的名字。

但是,您使用这些地址进行的交易不会被隐藏。您可以查看任何您想要的帐户的整个交易历史,这使得选择网络钓鱼攻击的目标变得微不足道。如果您可以将一个人与一个地址相关联,您就可以知道他们将钱用于什么用途。你可以弄清楚他们对你来说有多大的目标。如果您的身份与错误的地址相关联,则该地址被破坏,您可能需要放弃该钱包并重新开始一个新的。

然后,当然还有智能合约和不可替代代币的一两次冲击。我还没有信心谈论智能合约,所以我将推迟讨论它们,直到后面的文章。但是让我们更仔细地看一下不可替代的代币。那些很有趣。

玛拉是嗯
< Mara > 好玩……怎么样?
开放的天空很舒服
< Open Skies > 不过,我可以谈论智能合约,你确实需要知道什么是智能合约才能知道 NFT 是什么,因为智能合约赋予 NFT 意义,就其意义而言。毕竟都是比特,比特没有颜色。

不可替代的代币、CS:GO 刀皮和毛茸茸的艺术品

英雄形象蓝绿色公用事业杆由 Stable Diffusion v1.4 生成的图像——蓝绿色和黄色。 cytus 和 deemo 风格的电线杆,神秘的氛围,设置在半条命 2,美丽与怪诞的氛围,非常鼓舞人心,非常时尚,超现实主义,完美的数字艺术,陌生世界的神秘之旅,堡垒游戏

不可替代的代币是一小部分数据,表示某些钱包有一些数据。该数据无法伪造,并且可以在以太坊区块链上独立验证。没有足够的法庭先例来了解与您的加密货币地址相关联的 NFT 实际意味着什么,但为了让人们从怀疑中受益,我将假设您拥有代币本身,而不是任何与之相关的数据。作为图像。

开放的天空很舒服
< Open Skies > What does “owning the token” mean though?最终,所有所有权都必须归结为某种形式的排斥。为了说你拥有某物,你必须有某种方式说别人不能做某事,因为他们不拥有它。一些 NFT 人试图说拥有 NFT 提供了独家权利……将图像保存在您的设备上?这是非常愚蠢的。 NFT 中链接的资产存在于原始创建者的硬盘上,人们不会声称(据我所知)创建者必须在 NFT 出售后立即删除他们自己的副本。此外,大多数 NFT 资产都托管在 IPFS 上,具体而言,IPFS 通过其操作,在人们检索和固定资产时将资产复制到许多不同的存储设备。大多数浏览器都会存储它们检索到的每张图像的临时缓存,以加快页面加载速度。这种对 NFT 的批评实际上让我反抗了一段时间。 “哈哈,我们要右键点击并保存你的 NFT”似乎是对系统的一种极其愚蠢的批评,以至于它不可能与任何愿意为不成熟的技术研发工作投入资金的真实人联系起来;提出这种说法的人肯定是在恶意行事,对吧?正确的?
Numa 被删除
<沼>
>人类
>理性

选一个。

开放的天空很舒服
< Open Skies > 结果是,不。 NFT 的人对这样做的人感到非常不安,并试图将“右键点击者”作为一个贬义词,并威胁要对私下下载公开发布的、故意可供下载的内容提起知识产权诉讼。看到这种情况发生,看到我认为不可能存在的人,谈论他们必须是恶意的,从木制品中走出来,结果要么是社区的大多数,要么被假装的人积极剥削和欺骗相信恶意是让我意识到 NFT 注定无用的原因。即使我可以证明有一些特定的有用和亲社会的需求只能通过与 NFT 同构的东西来解决,这样的系统也无法建立,因为它们与现代人类不相容。
卡迪是咖啡
<卡迪> 老实说,这真的很糟糕。在设计和实现事物时,这样的事情可以给我们很大的自由。这种去中心化的数据存储可以使导入艺术品变得更加容易。想象一下,如果您可以启动您的 VR 家庭世界,并且虚拟墙上的画作会自动点亮您拥有的 NFT 上的图像。您可以轻松地将所有数据移动到不同的应用程序。这是一个很好的愿景,但愿景和可行的产品之间存在巨大差异。拥有一个可以用来炫耀数字艺术的电子墨水屏幕真的很酷,但我并没有真正看到这种情况发生,除非该屏幕被破坏以仅炫耀 NFT 艺术。我很确定人们不希望看到变种猿的可怕可憎(过度消费啜饮汁的可悲结果)。这种对未来的愿景是你只能在扎克伯格的主题演讲中看到的那种东西,而不是我们生活的资本主义地狱中可以存在的实际可行的东西。
开放的天空很舒服
< Open Skies > 无论如何,从咆哮开始,拥有 NFT 给你的最基本的东西就是吹牛的权利。你拥有 NFT,而其他人没有,所以你可以吹嘘自己拥有 NFT,而其他人则没有。除此之外的任何东西都是模块化和独立的。例如,NFT 可以并且已经用于活动门票;以加密方式证明您有门票意味着您可以走进活动,并且在某些方面它可能优于当前的门票机制,例如允许以有保证的方式进行二次转售。使用实体票,您需要随身携带一系列可能会被随机或掉落的实体物品。当前的电子票,您会收到一个二维码,您可以随意备份和保存,从而防止迷路。但是,您不能可靠地转售电子票,因为卖家仍然有二维码并且可能会在您之前排队,从而在事后使销售无效。一方面,这意味着即使活动的退款政策不好,您也可以收回款项;另一方面,这意味着人们可以很容易地刷票。

Steam 库存

这类似于 Steam 库存系统。这使您可以在全球库存中显示来自 Team Fortress 2(TF2,曾经广受欢迎的战争主题帽子模拟器)等游戏的物品。这让 Steam 上的其他人可以看到您拥有哪些特殊物品或帽子,以便他们与您交易。

凯迪是恩比
< Cadey > TF2 中的“mannconomy”让我在我还是个挨饿的大学生时,可以在 Steam 销售期间以便宜的价格购买游戏。我曾经在上课时设置了几个虚拟机以在不同的帐户中运行 TF2。这些虚拟机将在专门设置的地图中持续闲置,并通过自动热键循环收集随机武器掉落。然后这些武器被交易给我,变成精炼金属,我用来卖掉战利品钥匙,然后我用它在 PayPal 上卖钱,这样我就可以买游戏了。在有价值的帽子被复制并导致精炼金属与关键比率的恶性通货膨胀之后,随着“mannconomy”的崩溃,我认为这不再可行。不过,我有很多游戏都是这样。

实际上:TF2、 CS:GO和DotA 2是唯一真正充分利用该系统的游戏。它从未真正流行于 Valve 制作的游戏之外。

开放的天空是波浪
< Open Skies > What about, to pick some random examples, Redout: Enhanced Edition, Space Engineers, Battle block Theater, Don’t Starve Together…
卡迪是咖啡
< Cadey > 好的,当然,但是这些游戏有多少?这些游戏中有多少真的那么受欢迎?集换式卡牌不算,我不能在游戏中使用我的 Steam 集换式卡牌。
开放天空空闲
<开阔的天空>数百。
卡迪是咖啡
< Cadey > 好的,但从来没有一个游戏中的项目可以在另一个游戏中使用的异花授粉,对吧?您无法将 CS:GO 中的自定义刀皮带入 DotA 2 以用于 Bloodseeker 的刀片。你不能把你的“奇怪”TF2 帽子带进 CS:GO,这样你的反恐小队就可以飞出去飞了。每一件物品都真正停留在自己的世界里。不过,这对于交易物品来说很棒。如果您被骗,Steam 支持甚至可以撤销交易。
开放的天空是波浪
< Open Skies > Garry 的 Mod 怎么样?在 TF2 和 Portal 2 中可穿戴的所有帽子,或者您在 Portal 2 中从其他游戏中获得的其他化妆品呢?
卡迪是捂脸
<凯迪> 对,那些。老实说,它不是一个非常令人难忘的功能这一事实应该表明它不是市场需求。我们甚至还没有谈论将任意资产放入任意引擎的难度。
开放天空空闲
< Open Skies > 我承认 Portal 2 的跨界帽子是可以忘记的(我必须查一下以确保我没有记错(我实际上是记错了一些事情)),但不是 Garry 的 Mod(gmod )。 Garry’s Mod 能够使用用户在 Steam 上购买的任何 Source 引擎游戏中的资产,这是一个巨大的卖点。它得到了显着的宣传和广泛使用,尽管它确实在某种程度上受到要求消费者拥有资产来源游戏的许可证而不是游戏隐含地带有分发用于 gmod 地图的资产的许可证的影响,但这是可以理解的他们没有;这将是一个有点棘手的 IP 案例,它会降低人们购买游戏的动力。
凯迪是恩比
< Cadey > 没错,Garry’s Mod 是我最终购买 Counter Strike Source 的原因。我对玩反恐精英没有兴趣,但我厌倦了到处看到错误对象和黑色/洋红色纹理。哦,天哪,质地令人眼花缭乱。

人们还普遍认为,在您的 Steam 库存中拥有帽子、武器皮肤、播音员声音等并不意味着您拥有该物品的知识产权。您的库存中只是拥有它的独特副本,就像拥有口袋妖怪卡并不意味着您拥有皮卡丘的概念一样。

开放的天空很舒服
< Open Skies > Oh, another thing. SteamVR Home 有很多有趣的获取资产的方式。它对官方资产进行了寻宝活动,鼓励探索各种世界以了解系统提供的内容、在迷你游戏中赢得它们的方法、用于共享用户生成内容的研讨会集成等。但与主题相关的内容在最重要的是,它具有您可以在其他游戏中找到的收藏品,并可以装饰您的虚拟房间或您的“化身”,例如它。例如,我可以在 SteamVR 中戴上《发薪日 2》中的面具,因为曾几何时,有人向我保证这是一次很好的派对体验,并通过一些高级任务来照顾/指导我。我可以将传送门 2 中的地图集小雕像排在超级热的敌人旁边,然后用我在射击场迷你游戏中赢得的小型遥控无人机向他们射击。 Steam 上只有大约 70-80 款游戏实际上提供 SteamVR 收藏品,但这与零有很大不同。当然,这些物品只是 Steam 库存中的物品,因此您可以进行交易。此外,您可以将来自任何游戏的 Steam 成就以 3D 奖杯的形式放入虚拟架子或奖杯箱中。

毛茸茸的“可采用的”和“封闭的物种”

毛茸茸的粉丝群体的社会规范对外人来说有点奇怪。人们遇到的一件大事是毛茸茸的粉丝没有真正的“原始资料”。它完全是独立的,可以追溯到漫画家想要画有趣的动物。对于毛茸茸的狂热爱好者来说,没有真正有凝聚力的宇宙,但我们都喜欢假装有这个宇宙是为了我们自己的集体娱乐。

您会看到人们在毛茸茸的狂热中所做的其中一件事是创建自己的原创角色 (OC)。这些的基本原理可以归结为很多事情,包括角色扮演、小说中使用的角色、性幻想、理想化的自我,或者你可以对角色做的任何其他事情。例如,这里有一条鲨鱼在您之前见过的分体式键盘上打字:

玛拉是黑客

我使用这些字符来帮助我在此博客上说明侧面想法、内部分歧等。这组角色帮助我使用常见的比喻来描绘诸如“总是想了解更多信息的学生”、“作者自我插入”或“真正善意的无情垃圾贴”之类的想法。我还可以使用它们让客人窥视文章并提供自己的意见。

大多数人最终会出于自己的希望、抱负和梦想来创造自己的角色(例如博客上的黑尖礁鲨,其酷炫的键盘令所有技术兄弟都羡慕不已)。一些艺术家有很多空闲时间并决定创建其他角色。然后,这些艺术家将在社交媒体上将它们拍卖(是的,真的)并在获胜者付款后交出参考表(一张描述角色应该从多个角度看起来如何以及游戏中的调色板的图像)。

从此,人物的“主人”被广泛推论为拍卖的赢家。在大多数情况下,这实际上并没有在任何地方得到验证,但是未经许可使用他人的角色是一个非常严厉的禁忌。如果人们真的想验证,他们必须追查原始艺术家并询问他们。这是一个去中心化的系统,但它通常会奏效,因为大多数人实际上对可采用角色的“所有权”是诚实的。

有时,艺术家对具有自己的传说、艺术和规范的整个角色都有想法。很多时候,这些想法会公开发布,供任何人分享和使用。这就是你得到像鲨狗这样的东西的方式,它们是一种奶酪头的双足毛茸茸的东西。在鲨狗的传说中,它们是$SOME_OTHER_PLANET的原生动物,只要他们遵循少数核心区别(它们不是哺乳动物等),创作者就可以创建和使用鲨狗角色没有任何限制。

其他时候,艺术家对他们的想法并不那么开放。他们可能希望为“拥有”该物种角色的人开设一个专属俱乐部。所以,他们“关闭”了这个物种,并说只有他们认可的人才能创造出具有这些特征的角色。然后他们收取进入该俱乐部的“许可费”。打破禁忌并在没有“许可”的情况下制作自己的封闭物种角色可能会导致许多艺术家将您列入黑名单,然后这将使您的任何角色的艺术变得困难。

卡迪是捂脸
<卡迪> 是的,这是现实生活中真实发生的事情。我几乎是受制于这个,因为这个角色的最初想法是一个“封闭的物种”。

对真的。你在博客上看到的“Cadey”角色最初被设想为一只orcadragon ,我本来打算得到一个参考表,但后来我发现 clusterfuck 是一个“封闭的物种”。我想过把细节搞砸,称它为 drakonorka(点亮:Lojban 中的龙逆戟鲸),但最后我只是剪掉了角和翅膀,就这样结束了。这样更容易获得佣金;数量惊人的艺术家购买了“封闭物种”的东西。

Cadey 是敲击式的维护

从那以后,我决定为“封闭物种”生态系统付费,并且我为 Cadey 和另一个我一直在为名为Palima的博客孵化的角色拥有了两个 orcadragons 的“许可证”。一旦我得到参考表,我计划重新绘制 Cadey 贴纸,并将 Palima 作为 Haskell 之神正确地带入博客。

Cadey 是敲击式的维护
<卡迪> 我如何证明这一点?我不能!你只需要相信我,我猜。

将其与 NFT 捆绑在一起

英雄形象鲨鱼远足图片由 Epoch4 生成 — 鲨鱼 anthro 独奏 女性 森林 徒步旅行walking_stick tshirt 牛仔裤 druid long_hair Purple_hair red_eyes faces_away

考虑到这一切,NFT 到底是什么?如果不是与该令牌相关的艺术,那是什么?让我们仔细看看“fungible”这个词。当某物是可替代的时,这意味着该物可以与其他类似的东西互换。一双普通的白色袜子与另一双普通的白色袜子基本相同。如果你有一张美元钞票,你可以用基本上任何其他的美元钞票来代替它,而且价值并没有真正改变。不可替代的物品不能像这样被替换。考虑一下任何一双白袜子和你在博士课程期间骑自行车上学时每天穿的那双白袜子之间的区别。这双袜子的价值超出了这些袜子的内在价值,可以作为一种遮盖身体的方式。不可替代的代币也不是可替代的。有元数据可以让你说你有一个通过 ID 的特定令牌,而不仅仅是集合中的任何令牌。它不像面包和油那样是可替代的。

卡迪是咖啡
< Cadey > I am skipping over a lot of economics speak here though.有些人更适合谈论这个。我不是其中之一。

人类的一大优点是,我们可以让事物意味着一件事,但最终它们对他人的意义会大不相同。 NFT 是这一原则的一个很好的例子。普遍的理解是拥有 NFT 意味着你拥有与之相关的艺术。 Consider the example of the people who bought that copy of Dune (one of the best science-fiction/fantasy books ever written) and were planning to adapt the book into a movie adaptation with a “decentralized autonomous organization (DAO)” at the reigns.

Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > I’m not going to get into DAOs in this article. I don’t have enough experience in them to speak confidently about what I think about them. I’m not quite sure what purpose they serve though.

There’s not been any court cases to set legal precedent for what owning an NFT means. In the eyes of the blockchain people, they seem to think that owning the NFT means you own the copyright to the thing. This could mean that if you make a TV series planned around a character on an image associated with an NFT and then get the NFT social engineered away from you, you may have to cancel plans for the show unless you pay off the hacker to get the token back .

Open Skies is flop
< Open Skies > Or you’ll have to admit that the blockchain isn’t the authority on intellectual property and your performative pretending that it is an authority is a scam in order to get money from people.
Numa is delet
< Numa > “Code is law” my ass.
Open Skies is wave
< Open Skies > Well, to some extent, an NFT can legally mean whatever you write a contract (traditional, not smart) for the NFT to mean. But that would require the court to decide on it, but I think there is an argument to be made that this would fall under the same umbrella as licensing terms, where you can sue someone for violating your licensing terms and require them to pay damages. That’s all speculation though, I haven’t heard of it being tested in court. “An argument to be made” doesn’t really mean much though; once upon a time someone made an argument that all internet moderation is illegal based on a legal precedent that a corporate town couldn’t prevent people from having fliers in a magazine display or something, and therefore we had to let them say anything they wanted anywhere they wanted or we’re violating the law. So we’ll see what happens in court when actual lawyers deal with it.

Without any formal guidance on what all this means or any kind of legal precedent for how to handle all this, it’s very unclear what owning an NFT actually does in the eyes of the law. If the NFT goes up in value by a significant amount of money, does that mean you owe capital gains tax? The government has really not caught up with the masses yet and a lot of cryptocurrency technology really exists in a gray area. The kind of gray area that gets dicey with the IRS. You do not want to get dicey with the IRS.

Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > It seems that the US is treating cryptocurrency accounts like foreign accounts. I’m personally planning on filing my cryptocurrency accounts in my FBAR with my other Canadian accounts come tax season. It’s probably overkill, but it’s better to give the IRS more information than they need. Filing taxes is going to be fun this year. The sacrifices I make for you people’s amusement.
Open Skies is loaf
< Open Skies > I don’t own any cryptocurrency, so I don’t have to deal with the taxes!

I think it is probably best to treat NFTs as something close to sticker or stamp collecting. The tokens themselves are probably inherently worthless (save of course the minimum cost needed to deploy the contract associated with them and the gas fees to mint the tokens), but together they likely have sentimental value to the owner as well as an “aesthetic value” depending on what the creator of that NFT collection was doing when they designed the art itself.

There’s also NFTs called Proof of Attendance Protocol or POAP. These are like ticket stubs at concerts. They let you have collectables associated with specific events, gatherings, or other such things. There’s a POAP that’s there for anyone who was at the party to celebrate Ethereum’s merge to the proof of stake (read: not burning down the forests as much for magic internet money) chain. I personally haven’t seen a super good use for these yet, but I can confirm that they are a thing that exists. I really wish I had a good example of how to use these, but I just don’t.

Open Skies is wave
< Open Skies > Something something digital resume fodder to show that you went to conferences/school? IDK.

To be honest though, if implemented correctly NFTs could really help the furry community. Ownership of “adoptables” or the right to use a “closed species” character would be unambiguous. They could even have resale value that gives a commission back to the original creator (provided the relevant smart contracts have a clause to factor this into the equation); and there would be a neutral registry that anyone can read from and confirm ownership of characters in cases where that is relevant to the participants.

Open Skies is snug
< Open Skies > I could argue that adoptables and closed species and OCs and such are already de facto NFTs, just without any automation or engineered resistance to bad actors. Most artists will require the permission from the “owner” of the OCs before they draw the character. Adoptables are sold like NFTs, with an artist creating them whenever they feel like and putting them up for sale in a gallery that users can purchase from and they then “own” that unique art and rights to the character, though the artwork itself is still freely available online for anyone who likes to view or download.
Numa is delet
< Numa > Or just right-click on the art and put it into the hypercloud. Take that, liberals!
Open Skies is idle
< Open Skies > So, in practice, furry artwork is already NFTs, just implemented as an ad-hoc, undocumented, unverifiable social contract with bad actors, punishing the non-punishers, no way to actually check claims of wrongdoing or see if they’ve been resolved, and multiple incompatible social norms that people can’t just accept federation and say which section they’re in because none of them are documented and that person is the enemy and must be brought into line. Oh, and also beholden to the capricious whims of puritans putting pressure on payment processors or Patreon or whatever to rugpull artists and keep their money. This is *NOT GOOD.*

We can’t use any of that in furry-land because the NFT bros pissed off furry artists by scraping twitter, deviantart, and e621 to flip into cheap NFT grifting so much that the entire technology space has become wrongthink to some people. By doing all of this research and writing this article I have probably made some people block me, even though I’m ending up concluding that all of this space is a bad thing as currently implemented . It is difficult to describe the level of contempt that a lot of furries have for this technology. I have seen communities with previously irreconcilable differences come together to try and destroy scammers flipping their art into NFTs. So yeah, this entire tech would be revolutionary to the furry community, but nobody wants anything to do with it because idiots pissed in the pool and now it just smells like aging piss.

Open Skies is wave
< Open Skies > Though I am very glad that furry culture does resist corporatization so strongly, because it would be a horrible loss for the beauty, diversity, and expression of the community to be paved by megacorp lawyers into a metaphorical parking lot or suburban lawn. I’m also very glad that furry culture has such strong social norms for supporting artists and making sure that such critical members of the community that produce so much value actually get to make a living from it. There is less paywalling in furry art than many other kinds of art, while furry artists also get reliably paid more than many other kinds of independent artists, and that’s great! Maybe with some effort we could solve some social and technical problems to reduce paywalls while also increasing the benefit of the artists, and make the environment better for everyone. But that seems… difficult right now. Maybe someday. For now we can just keep upholding the furry values of inclusion, freedom, kindness, weird porn, and punching nazis.
Numa is delet
< Numa > hero image blog/ethereum/furry-fandom-protect
Oh yeah, by the way: they want to use NFTs in video games.
Mara is hmm
< Mara > What? How does that make any sense?
Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > Buckle up…

They want to share items in games

So imagine a world where you can share items between games. Let’s say that if you get a weapon in Splatoon you should be able to use it in other games. So you get a Splatana Wiper from Sheldon and you really like how it plays in the Splatoon meta. Then you close Splatoon and open up Call of Duty. The NFT bro dream is that you’d be able to pull the Splatana out of Splatoon and then drop it into your Call of Duty loadout so that you can whack people in the face with it for 120 damage.

Imagine if this could spread to other items too. Unlocking an outfit or weapon class for Sena in Xenoblade Chronicles 3 means you can take that outfit to other games like Fortnite. Grab a bunch of items from Harmony in Splatsville and then use them all to decorate your house in Animal Crossing!

Mara is hmm
< Mara > How would any of this actually…work? This sounds nice yeah but how would it make any sense? Maybe sharing items between Animal Crossing and Splatoon makes sense (they share a development team and game engine even). But Call of Duty and Splatoon are about as polar opposites as Quake and Chess. Wouldn’t that look like a mess kinda like VRChat or Second Life?

This won’t work at all in practice. Every one of those games I listed has its own unique art style and that artstyle dictates a lot about the vision and direction of the games in question.

Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > Okay, Fortnite is a bit of an exception. It used to have a cohesive artstyle at the beginning, but over time it’s turned into a game where Rick from Rick and Morty, Goku, Naruto, and Marshmello can get into a squad together and Hadouken people to death; it’s more surreal than it sounds.

This would also make game balance nearly impossible. Taking that example of moving a Splatana from Splatoon into Call of Duty more literally, the Splatana does 30 damage when the fire button is tapped and up to 120 damage when the fire button is held and you beat someone in the face with it. This is balanced because each squid/octopus child thing has 100 hitpoints, so 4 basic shots splats an opponent and if you get good at reading people you can oneshot people around corners. The base player health in Call of Duty is anywhere from 100 to 150 . Depending on the game this could mean that the Splatana can either be about normally powered or hilariously underpowered to the point that you wouldn’t want to use it anyways.

Open Skies is snug
< Open Skies > And then you bring it into Minecraft where players have 20 hit points and every attack is a one hit kill. But wait, do you lose it across all games when you die? Can you bring it with you every time you spawn?
Numa is delet
< Numa > Does the ink coverage from the Splatana stay in the equation? Do you also get the Ultra Stamp special? How would games know to account for this?
Open Skies is loaf
< Open Skies > In Planetary Annihilation and Supreme Commander, the ink coverage from the Splatoon weapons would obviously be an auxiliary power generation mechanic, representing some kind of nanomachine based solar array. Which means that the meta for competitive play would require purchasing and progressing to high levels in games from completely different genres, and I can’t imagine the gaming community putting up with that. It would also require quadratic-or-worse balancing efforts where every game needs to care about the balance of every other game and write code to handle bringing items and mechanics in from every other game, and/or it would allow anyone who feels like self-publishing a game to home-brew a balance breaking super item in whatever game they want, and I can’t imagine that game developers would put up with that.

Oh, you missed something. Tie in mobile games released alongside a main desktop game occasionally share items between the two.

We do have one thing that is close to this ideal, but it’s very limited as you’d imagine. VTuber software is segmented into two types, 2D and 3D. I can’t speak much about the 2D software, but for 3D VTubers we use a model format called VRM as a vendor-neutral interchange format. I can pull my VRM avatar into other games such as Synth Riders and dance around on stream:

I can take that same model and plunk it into Godot and then animate it out to do whatever I want. The artstyle is maintained because all of these avatars have shading metadata that denotes them as anime styled. This is mainly because the VRM format was made by Japanese VTuber software developers and mostly because that’s what the whole project was intended to be used for: anime styled VTuber characters.

Cadey is facepalm
< Cadey > It’s pretty nice in practice, but there’s a depressing amount of software out there such as VRChat that won’t let me import a pre-rigged model, which means that I have to do a variety of annoying hacks to get things working.
Open Skies is wave
< Open Skies > I have a few disagreements with the design of VRM, and a lot of annoyances at the lack of support for it. But that discussion is for another time.
Mara is happy
< Mara > At least the VRM format works and it’s already supported by multiple engines. It will get adoption in time, it can also be extended if that is really needed. I really wish there were more games supporting it.

What is Ethereum worth?

hero image botw-space-needle Image generated by Waifu Diffusion v1.2 — the legend of zelda breath of the wild, mountain, mid-day, studio ghibli, space needle, river, guardian turret

I’ve been talking about Ethereum for most of this article because Ethereum is the cryptocurrency that everyone seems to base all their work on. It was the first chain where smart contracts and NFTs really took off. However, I’ve never really covered what Ethereum is really worth . What is an Ethereum token? How does it have value?

Numa is delet
< Numa >
>money
>inherent value

pick one.

Cadey is facepalm
< Cadey > Okay, yes, from the philosophical standpoint modern currencies don’t really have value backed by anything. Once the US abolished the Gold standard the value of the US dollar was detached from the value of physical hunks of gold and it became a fiat currency . So in essence a dollar bill in your pocket doesn’t really have its own value outside of the mass psychosis that everyone experiences to think that the US dollar has value. At the same time though, the US government has this thing called “an army”, which kind of enforces the idea that the US dollar has value.
Open Skies is idle
< Open Skies > The inherent value of one US dollar is that you could use it as toilet paper or burn it for heat in the winter or wrap something in it . Everything else comes from that little bit of text on it “This note is legal tender for all debts public and private” and the government enforcing it and the society humoring the collective delusion.

hero image blog/ethereum/money_fireplace

Numa is delet
< Numa > Something something monopoly on violence something something.

So with all this in mind, what is Ethereum really worth? Honestly after doing a bit of research I can’t really find a solid answer to this seemingly simple question. Money is complicated. Economics is a very nihilist field of study when you peel back all the layers of terminology and math.

Ethereum used to be a proof of work consensus blockchain, which is a bunch of buzzwords that means that some nodes on the network called “miners” would have GPUs solving sudokus 24/7 in order to get a hash that met certain criteria. When that happened, the miner would be awarded with a block’s worth of tokens. Ethereum is also unlike other cryptocurrencies because Ethereum has no supply cap (the maximum number of tokens that can exist) unlike Bitcoin that has a cap of 21 million bitcoins ever being able to exist.

So if Ethereum is no longer a proof of work chain (IE: the price of an Ethereum token had value from the power wasted by the miner attempting to create it) and there’s no cap of how many tokens can exist, what is Ethereum really worth?

Open Skies is snug
< Open Skies > The difficulty of the creation doesn’t create value, it creates scarcity. The value needs to come from something else. This is where gas fees come in. It’s tempting to say that the value of Ethereum is the amount of computation that can be purchased on the Ethereum blockchain by burning the eth for gas. But that doesn’t explain the price; computing on the Ethereum blockchain is really inefficient because of all the validators double checking the computations, so the amount of money it would cost to buy the computation on a cloud compute provider and the amount it would cost to buy on Ethereum if nothing else were in play are very different, and the actual price of gas doesn’t match that either. So they have to be paying for something , and that something is legitimacy. We can view Ethereum as a machine for taking one big agreement, the agreement about the consensus algorithm, the smart contract instruction set and runtime, and what the current head of the chain is, and transforming that into a billion tiny agreements about who owns what and how to handle every little transaction. In this view, the value of gas, and by extension the value of Ethereum, is the value of making trustworthy agreements about digital objects. And it turns out that globally accessible and verifiable trustworthy agreements about digital objects are extremely valuable .
Mara is hmm
< Mara > This is something that we haven’t really considered before. Before that argument I thought that Ethereum really just had the same worth that you get with government issued currency: everyone just agrees it has value and trading volume along with “market confidence” would dictate the value. Ethereum being worth the legitimacy of the system is a vastly different thing to think about.

What about the Ethereum VM? Don’t you use Ethereum as “gas” for the virtual machine that processes all the smart contract executions and transactions? How does that fit into it all?

Open Skies is wave
< Open Skies > Not quite. You buy gas with Ethereum. The Ethereum VM is the language by which you describe the rules of how something is legitimate. If you want to make something that has legitimacy, you need to explain exactly how legitimate interactions with it go. For example, a legitimate interaction with a store is you pay a specific price and in exchange receive a specific good; if you do not offer enough, your money isn’t taken and you don’t get the good; if you offer too much you get the good and any excess back. A legitimate interaction with a voting booth is that you mark down your choice on each part of the ballot, possibly including marking abstain fields, and submit it to the vote exactly once; the voting booth guarantees that the ballot you cast will be included in the results and that no fictitious ballots that no person submitted or multiple ballots from the same person are included. These rules have to be written down to be enforced, and the more complicated the rules are to check and more state they depend on the more difficult they are to enforce: thus, the Ethereum VM is how the rules of legitimacy are written down so everyone can agree on them, and gas usage is the measure of how difficult it is to perform the transaction according to the rules so everyone agrees on it. When you submit a transaction to the Ethereum network, you include in it a marker for how much you are willing to pay per unit of gas, and how much gas you are willing to buy before you would rather not have the transaction go through. Different miners might have different amounts that they’re willing to sell gas for, and so being willing to pay more for gas means that a miner that is willing to accept that rate will be selected sooner and the transaction will complete sooner, and if you don’t pay enough a miner will never accept it. So this makes it so that you can effectively pay a premium for expedited processing of your transactions or pay lower rates for slower inclusions. Ethereum is the only thing you can buy gas with, so apart from regarding Ethereum as a speculative asset, gas is really where the value gets meaning. It’s the atomic cost of ensuring legitimacy for a single step of operation. (Things can be legitimate without the legitimacy being checked; it’s possible that the weird person on the subway with a deed written on toilet paper in crayon offering to sell the Mona Lisa for $100 actually is the legitimate owner and will honor the deal, but in order for other people to actually trust the legitimacy it needs to be checked in some way that people can trust, which takes effort and coordination and thus has to cost something , even if it’s “a miniscule amount of credits from a UBI or publically funded service” or “a nebulous tiny expenditure of social capital among the community” (if you’re wondering what something nebulous like that costs, just imagine that someone used and abused the thing so much that the providers had to stop them; what did they run out of that caused them to get dropped))
Mara is hmm
< Mara > That is a lot to think about. I don’t understand money at all.
Numa is delet
< Numa > Oh just wait until we get into the unrestrained fun that is user-defined fungible tokens on the blockchain.
Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > That may have to wait for part 3. This article is already an hour long.

I think the main takeaway here is that Ethereum is fundamentally worthless in the same way that US dollars are, but fiat mass psychosis and trading volume gives it value.

Open Skies is wave
< Open Skies > Could you explain a bit more about what you mean about the value coming from mass psychosis? I’m not sure I agree.
Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > Mass psychosis is probably a bit harsh, but I’m trying to get at that shared cultural delusion that money has value because everyone thinks it does. Like, what is a dollar really worth? What does it really signify?
Open Skies is wave
< Open Skies > 26 grams of silver
Numa is delet
< Numa > Not anymore!
Open Skies is idle
< Open Skies > Yeah, now a dollar is worth 1.4 grams of silver. A dollar is worth what you can buy for it. You can sell a dollar for anything in the dollar store. It’s also worth a bit under a pound of rice.
Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > This is going to end with financial nihilism even more isn’t it.
Open Skies is idle
< Open Skies > I’m kinda already there? And from my perspective of financial nihilism, calling it mass psychosis is misleading; the value of a dollar is not a mass delusion, it is a reasonable, evidence based belief that you will be able to exchange the dollar for a given amount of stuff later. It’s just that there is no centrally mandated exchange rate to some other currency. Because gold is just another currency; you can’t eat gold, and only recently did it become useful in industrial processes that the average person cares about/is materially affected by (electronics manufacture, among others (which isn’t something the average person can do on their own, so that doesn’t affect the argument)), so gold is acting as just another currency: it’s value is based on the reasonable, evidence based belief that you will be able to trade it for a given amount of the stuff you want in the future. And it isn’t pegged to anything, so the value can fluctuate significantly as the market changes. So, way back when, a bank note/IOU/check from any local bank, an appraiser’s note, a dollar, a physical lump of gold, etc. were all fiscally equivalent in some sense by being denominated in terms of the same thing. It would be like making a currency in the modern day where each note of it corresponds to a given number of USD. (Like say $100 USD notes, which are pegged to the price of $1 USD notes, since you can exchange one for the other at any bank (though the pegging isn’t perfect; there is some fluctuation in the value so that the values of 1 $100 USD note and of 100 $1 USD notes aren’t exactly the same) or just a stablecoin.)
Mara is hmm
< Mara > A stable-what?
Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > It’s definitely something for at least part 3. “Stablecoins” are a topic and a half.

Capitalism and ownership

hero image bloodborne-bad-end Image generated by Waifu Diffusion v1.2 — populated bloodborne old valley with a obscure person at the centre and a ruined gothic city in the background, trees and stars in the background, falling red petals, epic red – orange moonlight, perfect lightning, wallpaper illustration by niko delort and kentaro miura, 4k

This all leaves me with a bit of a sour note. The idea that they are peddling is that cryptocurrency is a means of liberation against a “broken” financial system, but then the solution is just another means of limitation. Want to send a payment to a friend? That will cost ten cents to a dollar depending on the time of day. Want to get a new NFT? Ten cents to a dollar. Want to be in this club? Better get one of the tokens! They’re all sold out? Too bad! Buy one second-hand! It’s really just another method of dividing people into haves and have-nots. God knows we need more of them.

All of this really just adds more and more layers to this game of capitalism that we are all forced to play against our wills. Sure, the model of cryptocurrency allows you relative freedom within its rules, but there are still fundamental limitations to what you can do with things outside its cryptosystem. One of the artists I like to commission lives in Russia, so paying them is difficult (especially after Paypal pulled out of there) except for when I use cryptocurrency.

Don’t get me wrong, cryptocurrencies work great when the system is self-contained, but as soon as real money and assets get involved it becomes a huge mess. This relative freedom is another layer of capitalistic hierarchy and it helps the early adopters and the already rich get richer (through transaction fees and block rewards).

In practice though, the distributed ledger usually ends up having a few big players that sell blockchain API access as a service. The blockchain for Ethereum is over one terabyte. This is an insane amount of disk space. There are efforts to lessen this, but at the time of writing the blockchain is just too big for most people to use themselves. So you need blockchain access as a service. Which means you need to pay up to use your distributed money in the first place. This kind of defeats the point of having decentralized money if people are just going to recentralize around large players to be able to use it.

Open Skies is flop
< Open Skies > One terrifying consequence of the way people interact with Ethereum is the existence of the generalized transaction frontrunning bot. We’ll have to get into what that actually means in a future part, but here there be monsters.
Numa is delet
< Numa > The masses think they are free to send money to eachother but the rich just get richer off their backs along the way. As above, so below.
Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > This whole thing is a mess. I only play this capitalism game because I have no other choice, not because I want to.
Open Skies is flop
< Open Skies > Yeah. I just want to make useful things and help people, and only being allowed to make useful things at scale if I also make them artificially less useful in order to ensure I capture the value created by them is annoying.

结论

I don’t really have a good conclusion here. I don’t know how I feel about Ethereum. It’s got me split down the middle because there are good ideas here. There are things that if done correctly are genuinely useful. There’s just so many grifters. I didn’t want to go into the grifters too much in this article, there is going to be more in future parts to this series.

While I was writing this article I was contacted by someone representing a “play to earn” game (one where you get NFTs that act as game objects for playing a game connected to the blockchain) offering me 0.55ETH (about USD$731 at the time of writing) to make three tweets shilling their game that had 22 online players and no public client download. $731 isn’t even worth the tax burden (including my having to explain things to my accountant, who is probably going to go on a furious googling spree), not to mention the reputational damage that I would incur for shilling such a “product”.

Cadey is coffee
< Cadey > Perfect timing, eh?

All of this technology is really cool, I just wish I could use it for anything productive. I’m able to commission that one artist with it at least. Maybe there will end up being some kind of killer app with all of this, but until then I’m just gonna keep playing video games and writing these near novel-length articles. I’m also going to have to continue blocking and reporting the scams people shovel at me on Twitter.

hero image blockchain-hacker-miku Image generated by Waifu Diffusion v1.2 — hacker hoodie 1girl Ethereum blockchain hatsune_miku twintails blue_hair laptop coffee starbucks blue_eyes anime waifu super hacker very cute

原文: https://xeiaso.net/blog/cryptocurrency-ownership

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